河间妇传

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柳宗元·《河间传》英译

河间，淫妇人也。不欲言其姓，故以邑称。始妇人居戚里，有贤操。自未嫁，固已恶群戚之乱尨，羞与为类。独深居，为翦制缕结。

既嫁，不及其舅，独养姑，谨甚。未尝言门外事。又礼敬夫，宾友之，相与为肺腑者。

其族类丑行者谋曰：“若河间何？”其甚者曰：“必坏之。”乃谋以车众造门，邀之遨嬉。且美其辞曰：“自吾里有河间，戚里之人，日夜为饬厉。一有小不善，唯恐闻焉。今欲更其故，以相效为礼节。愿朝夕望若仪状，以自惕也。”

河间固谢不欲。姑怒曰：“今人好辞来，以一接新妇来为得师。何拒之坚也？”辞曰：“闻妇之道，以贞顺静专为礼。若夫矜车服，耀首饰，族出讙闹，以饮食观游，非妇人宜也。”姑强之，乃从之游。过市。

或曰：“市少南，入浮图。有国公吴叟，始图东南壁，甚怪，可使奚官先壁道。”乃入观。观已，延及客位，具食帷床之侧。闻男子欬者，河间惊，跣走出。召从者驰车归。泣数日，愈自闭，不与众戚通。

戚里乃更来谢曰：“河间之遽也。犹以前故，得无罪吾属耶？向之欬者，为膳奴耳。”曰：“数人笑于门，如是何耶？”群戚闻且退。

期年，乃敢复召邀于姑，必致之，与偕行。遂入阝丰隑州西浮图两间。叩槛，出鱼鳖食之。河间为一笑，众乃欢。俄而又引至食所，空无帷幕，廊庑廓然，河间乃肯入。先壁群恶少于北牖下。降帘，使女子为秦声。倨坐观之。有顷，壁者出宿。

选貌美阴大者主河间，乃便抱持河间。河间号且泣。婢夹持之，或谕以利，或骂且笑之。河间窃顾，视持己者甚美，左右为不善者已更得适意，鼻息咈然，意不能无动。力稍纵，主者幸一遂焉，因拥致之房。河间收泣，甚适，自庆未始得也。

至日仄，食具，类呼之食。曰：“吾不食矣。”旦暮驾车，相戒归。河间曰：“吾不归矣。必与是人俱死。”群戚反大闷，不得已俱宿焉。

夫骑来迎，莫得见。左右力制。明日乃肯归。持淫夫大泣，啮臂相与盟，而后就车。既归，不忍视其夫。闭目曰：“吾。”与之百物，卒不食，饵以善药，挥去。心怦怦，恒若危柱之弦。夫来，辄大骂。终不一开目。愈益恶之。夫不胜其忧。数日，乃曰：“吾病且死，非药饵能已。为吾召鬼解除之，然必以夜。”

其夫自河间病，言如狂人，思所以悦其心。度无不为。时上恶夜祠甚。夫无所避。既张具。河间命邑臣告其夫召鬼祝诅。上下吏讯验笞杀之。将死，犹曰：“吾负夫人，吾负夫人。”

河间大喜，不为服。辟门，召所与淫者倮爱为荒淫。居一岁，所淫者衰，益厌，乃出之。

召长安无赖男子，晨夜交于门。犹不慊，又为酒垆西南隅。己居楼上，微观之。凿小门，以女侍饵焉。凡来饮酒，大鼻者，少且壮者，美颜色者，善为酒戏者，皆上与合，且合且窥，恐失一男子也。犹日呻呼懵懵，以为不足。

积十余年，病髓竭而死。自是虽戚里为邪行者，闻河间之名，则掩鼻蹙頞，皆不欲道也。柳先生曰：“天下之士，为修洁者，有如河间之始为妻妇者乎？天下之言朋友相慕望，有如河间与其夫之切密者乎？河间一自败于强暴，诚服其利，归敌其夫，犹盗贼仇雠，不忍一视其面，卒计以杀之，无须臾之戚。则凡以情爱相恋结者，得不有邪利之猾其中耶？亦足知恩之难恃矣。朋友固如此，况君臣之际尤可畏哉？余故私自列云。”

BiographyofHochien

LiuTsung-yüan

Hochienwasalewdwoman.Reluctancetodiscloseheridentitycausedhertobenamedafterherhsienordistrict.Firstshelivedinavillagewithsomerelativesandatthattimeshewasveryvirtuous.Beforeshegotmarried,shedetestedthelaxityvisibleamongherrelativesanddeemeditadisgracetoassociatewiththem.Sheremaineddiscreetlyinthebackofherhouseandattendedtoherdressdesigns,spinning,weavingandknitting.

Whenshewasmarriedherfather-in-lawhaddied,andsheservedhermother-in-lawveryattentively.Shenevertalkedaboutanythingthathappenedoutsideherhouse.Shewasrespectfultoherhusband,treatinghimlikeaguestandwithalabosomfriend.

Thoseofherrelativeswhohadalowcharactergottogetherandplottedagainsther,asking,“WhatcanwedoaboutHochien?”Theworstamongstthemsaid,“Wemusttrytocorrupther.”Theyprocuredacarriage,andagroupofthemrodetoherhousetogether.Theyinvitedhertogooutandenjoyherselfwiththem,butsaidtohereuphemistically:“Sinceyoucametoourvillage,yourrelativeshaveallbeendesperatelyconcerneddayandnighttobehavethemselves.Whentheyhavecommittedevenaslightmisdemeanortheyareafraidofitsleakingout.Nowthatwewishtoseetheirwayschanged,weintendtohavetheserelativesmakeaconscientiouseffortmorningandnighttoemulateyourgoodexample.”

Hochienpolitelydeclinedtheoffer,buthermother-in-lawsaidangrily,“Theyhavecometopersuadeyoucourteouslytobecometheirteacher.Whyareyousofirminrejectingtheinvitation?”“Ihaveheard,”shereplied,“thatthewayofawomanistobechaste,meek,calmanddedicated.Toshowofffancycarriages,costumesandjewelry,andgooutinnoisygatheringsandindulgeinfood,drinkandmerrimentarenotworthyofawoman.”Understrongpressurefromthemother-in-law,however,shefinallyconsentedandwentwiththecompany.

Afterwindingthroughthestreetssomeonesaid,“IfweentertheBuddhistpagodaashortdistancesouthward,weshallfindanoldmanbythesameofWu,apainter-craftsmanknownthroughoutthenation,whohasjustpaintedthesoutheasternwall.Thesepaintingsareveryold.Wecansendaservanttoguideusthere.”Thentheyenteredthestructuretoseeitsinside.Aftertheyhadfinishedviewing,shewasinvitedtotheguestroom,wherefoodwasspreadoutbesideacurtainedbed.Suddenlysheheardaman’scough.Shewassofrightenedthatsheranoutwithouthershoes.Thereuponsheorderedanattendanttotakeherhomepost-hasteinacarriage.Sheweptforseveraldays,andthereaftersheconfinedherselfevenmoretoherownhousewithoutcommunicatingwithherrelatives.

Thentheycametooffertheirapologies,saying,“Whatcameoveryou?Areyoustilloffendedwithusbecauseofwhathappened?Themanwhocoughedthatdaywasonlyakitchenhand.”“Butwhydidseveralpeoplelaughnearthedoor?”shequeried.Uponhearingthis,therelativeswithdrew.

ItwasnotuntilawholeyearlaterthattherelativesdaredvisitHochien’smother-in-lawagainandprevaileduponhertourgeHochientorejointhem.Thistimetheywenttoanotherpagodawestofacertainsandbank.Theyknockedandentered,andweretreatedtofishandturtle.Hochiensmiled,andhercompanionswerepleased.Shewassoonledtoadining-roomwithoutanycurtainswherethecorridorswereempty.Hochienconsentedtoenterthisroom,inwhichanumberofwickedyouthshadbeensecretedinthewallunderthenorthernwindow.ThenthecurtainwasletdownandsomegirlswereorderedtoplayCh’inmusic.Hochienandotherssquatteddowntowatchthem.Shortlyafterward,theyouthssecretedinthewallcameouttosleepwiththegirls.

Ahandsomemanwithagood-sizedwasselectedtotakeonHochien.Whenheembracedher,shescreamedandcried.Thenthemaidsheldher,sometryingtogethertoseewhatpleasureitwouldbringtoherandothersscoldingandmakingfunofher.Asshestoleaglanceatthemanwhohadherinhisarms,shefoundhimveryhandsome.Thosearoundwhowereindulginginwickedbehaviorweremoreandmoregratified,breathingheavily.Shecouldnotbutbeaffectedandassoonassherelaxedherresistancealittle,heradversarygotwhathewantedandtookherinhisembracetoanotherroom.Hochienstoppedcryingandbegantoenjoyherselfgreatly,andcongratulatedherselfonpleasuresshehadneverexperiencedbefore.

Whendinnerwasbeingservedtowardeveningandshewascalledtopartakeofit,shesaidthatshedidnotcareforit.Later,asthecarriagewasharnessedforhertoreturnhome,shesaid,“Iamnotgoinghome.Iwon’tbepartedfromthismanuntilIdie.”Nowherrelativesweregreatlyatalosswhattodo,buttheyhadtoagreetostaybehindatleastovernight.

Hochien’shusbandwenttofetchherhome,buthedidnotgettoseeher.Thenextdaysheconsentedtogohomeonlywhenshewasforcedgrabbedthemanwithwhomshehadhadtheaffairandcriedbitterly,thetwoswearingeternalloyaltytoeachother.Onherarrivalhome,shecouldnotbeartolookatherhusband.Keepinghereyesclosed,shesaid,“Iamsick.”Shenotonlyrefusedtoeatanything,butevenrejectedgoodmedicine.Herheartthrobbedastenselyasastringonalute’sfretindangerofbreaking.Wheneverherhusbandcamenearher,sheberatedhimseverely.Sheneveropenedhereyes,andbecamemoreandmoreresentfulofherhusband.Thedistresswasmorethanthehusbandcouldstand.“IamsosickthatIshallsoondie!”shesaidseveraldayslater.“Icannotpossiblybecuredbymedicine;summonaspirittogetmereleasedfromthiscondition,butitmustbebynight.”

ImmediatelyafterHochienbecamesick,herhusbandravedlikealunaticandwasrackinghisbrainstofindawaytopleaseher.Shereckonedthathewaspreparedtogotoanylengths.AtthattimetheEmperordislikedverymuchthepracticeofprayingtospiritsatnight,butthehusbandwaspreparedtotaketheconsequences.Sohefrequentedtheshrinesofdarknessdedicatedtoevilspiritsandworshippedthere.Hochienhadamemberofthemagistrate’sofficebringherhusbandtotrialforconjuringupspiritstoherinjury.Asaresultofthistrumped-upcharge,hewashauledintocourt,tried,whippedandsentencedtodeath.Evenwhenhewasnearingtheendofhislife,hecried:“Ihaveletmywifedown!Ihaveletmywifedown!”

ThereuponHochienwasgreatlypleased.Withoutasmuchaspretendingtomournforherdeceasedhusband,sheopenedherdoorwideandsentforthemanwithwhomshehadbeenintimate.Sheshamelesslyresumedherillicitrelationswithhim.But,afterthelapseofayear,themanshowedsignsofflagging..shegottiredofhim,anddrovehimout.

Thenshecalledtogetheragroupofgood-for-nothingsfromCh’angan,andtheyengagedinorgiesdayandnightinherhouse.Notcontentwiththis,shesetupawind-storeatthesouthwesterncornerofthehouse,andstayedupstairsherselftowatchthegoings-on.Thoughaninstalledsidedoor,shesoughttoattractpassers-by,usingyoungservantgirlsasbait.Ofthemenwhowentintodrink,shechoseonlythosewithbignoses,therobust,theyoungandthehandsome,whoweremostfrolicsomeafterdrinking,tobetakenupstairstogivehersatisfaction.Allthetime,shewouldkeepaneyeopen,lestshemissevenoneman.Andyetsheneverceasedtosighdreamily,therebyshowingherappetitestobestillunsatiated.

Aftermorethanadecadeofdissipation,shefellsick;herspiritandhealthbrokedown,andshesoondied.Thereafter,eventhoserelativesinthevillagewholedanimmorallifeturneduptheirnosesandknittedtheirbrowswheneverthenameofHochienwasmentioned.Noonecaredtorepeatit.

Theauthorcomments:“Ofthescholarsoftheworld,whocancompareinvirtueandpuritywithHochienwhenshefirstbecameawife?Offriendswhoaresaidtohaveadmiredoneanother,isthereanywhocanbeascloseasHochienwastoherhusband?Onceshesuccumbedtoforce,shebecameconvincedofthepleasure,andreturnedhomeeventoopposeherhusband,treatinghimlikearobberandanenemy.Shecouldnotbeartoseehisfaceandfinallyplottedhisdeath,anddidnotgrieveforhimforamoment.Canthose,then,whoarejoinedtogetherbyaffectionandlovebefreefromtheevilinfluenceofself-interest?Weseeherethatmutualdevotionissomethingdifficulttorelyupon.Thisistrueoffriends;isitnotevenmoreterrifyinglysointherelationsbetweenarulerandhissubjects?Ihavethereforetakenthelibertytosetdownthisnote.”?

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